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  1. Essay · The Devas and the Trimūrti — a stratified cosmology/Vedic & Vedāntic/free

    The Kena humbling — when the Devas met their source

    After a great cosmic victory, the Devas grew proud. To humble them, Brahman appeared before them as a mysterious luminous being — a **Yakṣa**. Unable to comprehend it, the Devas di…

  2. Deities/Vedic Devas/Vedic / Sanatana/free

    Lord Indra

    … person) that dispenses reward for meritorious deeds. In the Kena Upaniṣad he is the first of the devas to be humbled before Brahman; in the Bhāgavatam his pride is broken by Kṛṣṇa' …

  3. Deities/Vedic Devas/Vedic / Sanatana/free

    Lord Agni

    … ire of lightning, and the celestial fire of the sun. In the Kena Upaniṣad, though called Jātavedas ('knower of all born beings'), he cannot burn a single blade of grass without Bra …

  4. Deities/Vedic Devas/Vedic / Sanatana/free

    Lord Vayu

    … gifting both sons his prodigious speed and strength. In the Kena Upaniṣad, called Mātariśvan, he cannot even blow a single blade of grass away without Brahman's power. In classical …

  5. Essay · Vedic & Vedāntic Cosmology/Vedic & Vedāntic/free

    The Devas and the Trimūrti — a stratified cosmology

    Indra, Agni, Varuṇa, Sūrya, Vāyu and the other Vedic devas were once celestial sovereigns; in the Purāṇic era they appear subordinate to Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva. Not a replacement …

  6. Essay · The Devas and the Trimūrti — a stratified cosmology/Vedic & Vedāntic/free

    The major Vedic devas at a glance

    … *, the striker who releases the rains held by Vṛtra. In the Kena story, the first among devas to be humbled. - **Agni** — fire, the divine messenger who carries every offering (*ha …

  7. Essay · Astronomy & Scripture/Foundations/free

    Measuring the Heavens — the speed of light and the distance to the Sun

    Sāyaṇa's 14th-century commentary on a Ṛgvedic hymn to Sūrya states a velocity for sunlight that lands within one percent of the modern value for c — and the 18th verse of the Hanum…

  8. Essay · Measuring the Heavens — the speed of light and the distance to the Sun/Foundations/free

    The granular mathematics of Sāyaṇa

    … ā ca smaryate yojanānāṁ sahasre dve dve śate dve ca yojane ekena nimiṣārdhena kramamāṇa namo'stu te‖'It is remembered thus: O you who traverse 2,202 yojanas in half a nimiṣa — salu …

  9. Story · Kena Upanishad (Chapters 3 & 4), Shiva Purana (Shatarudra Samhita, Chapter 16)/Beginner/6 min/free

    The Cosmic Riddle: Yaksheshwara Avatar

    To dissolve the growing pride of the Devas after their cosmic victory over the Asuras, Lord Shiva manifests as a mysterious, all-powerful spirit (Yaksha) to demonstrate that all in…

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