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- Deities/Vaishnava (Rama bhakta)/Treta Yuga/free
Lord Hanuman
Son of Vayu and the supreme devotee of Rama, whose strength, humility, and unbroken devotion are the pattern for bhakti itself. He flew across the ocean to find Sita and carried an…
- Essay · Festivals/Festivals/free
Dīpāvalī — a row of lamps on the darkest night
Why a new-moon night in Kārttika became the festival of light: the Upaniṣadic prayer from darkness to light, Lakṣmī of the Śrī Sūkta, the many stories that claim the same five days…
- Essay · Dīpāvalī — a row of lamps on the darkest night/Festivals/free
A row of lamps
*Dīpāvalī* is two plain Sanskrit words joined together: *dīpa*, a lamp, and *āvali*, a row or line. The name describes what people do, not a single story. That matters, because Dīp…
- Essay · Dīpāvalī — a row of lamps on the darkest night/Festivals/free
Where traditions differ
*Jain tradition:* For Jains, Dīpāvalī marks the *nirvāṇa* of Mahāvīra at Pāvāpurī on this new-moon night. The Kalpasūtra records that the assembled kings lit lamps, saying that sin…
- Essay · Dīpāvalī — a row of lamps on the darkest night/Festivals/free
Sources and caveats
- *Primary scripture:* Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 1.3.28; Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2.2.15; Bhagavad Gītā 10.11; Śrī Sūkta 1–2 (Ṛgveda Khila 2.6); Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.18–23 and 10.59; Vālmīki Rāmā…
- Essay · Cosmogony/Vedic/free
Before the Trimūrti — the Brāhmaṇa Prelude
Before Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śiva became a coordinated trio, the Brāhmaṇa texts already told stories of one god's injury, rivalry and repair during sacrifice — Viṣṇu as a dwarf and as …
- Essay · Before the Trimūrti — the Brāhmaṇa Prelude/Vedic/free
Viṣṇu as Makha: the beheaded sacrifice and where the pravargya ritual comes from
A fuller story appears at *Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa* XIV.1.1. It's really two stories linked together. **The first** is about Agni, Indra, Soma, Makha, Viṣṇu, and the Viśvedevas — a gro…
